[ { "id": "A01", "source_id": "A01", "title": "City as Symbol in Aztec Thought: The Clues from the Codex Mendoza", "author": "David Carrasco", "short": "Carrasco", "year": 1981, "citation": "David Carrasco. 1981. City as Symbol in Aztec Thought: The Clues from the Codex Mendoza. History of Religions 20 (3): 199–223.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062365", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete Drive PDF; 26 pages including repository wrapper where present. Footnotes, captions and references read; page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "Printed pp. 199–223", "use": "Carrasco reads the Mendoza foundation page as a political, calendrical and cosmological organization of the city. His critique of inherited European categories informs the atlas’s comparison of intellectual practices.", "limit": "This is a 1981 religious-studies synthesis; its cosmological model and semasiographic vocabulary should be presented as scholarship of that period, alongside current epigraphic accounts. The article does not establish population-wide literacy rates, phonetic coverage, or a universal ranking against European books. Do not use the article's count of sixteen surviving precontact manuscripts (p.203) as a current catalogue total; definitions and attributions change. The Zumarraga book-burning scene is explicitly labeled potentially apocryphal in the article (p.203, n.12); do not retell it as a witnessed event. The claimed painter and translator identities, production date range, and collection journey require current institutional verification before being stated unqualified in the site. Carrasco's paraphrases of primary authors and cited scholars remain mediated by this article; these other works were not independently read in this intake.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "A02", "source_id": "A02", "title": "Clarifying Color in the \"Codex Mendoza\"", "author": "Norman Hammond", "short": "Hammond", "year": 2005, "citation": "Norman Hammond. 2005. Clarifying Color in the \"Codex Mendoza\". Latin American Antiquity 16 (4): 467–468.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/30042510", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete Drive PDF; 3 pages including repository wrapper where present. Footnotes, captions and references read; page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "Printed pp. 467–468", "use": "Hammond compares the original Mendoza with two twentieth-century facsimiles, showing how red and purple reproduction differences can alter interpretation.", "limit": "Do not transform Hammond's possible cochineal or annatto into an established pigment identification. The reported discrepancies concern particular print facsimiles; they do not by themselves diagnose current Bodleian digital images. This two-page comment is about reproduction accuracy, not an argument for total American or European superiority. The historical statement that pigments had not been analyzed is time-specific to 2005 and must not be repeated as a claim about present research.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "A03", "source_id": "A03", "title": "The Hidden Codes of the Codex Azcatitlan", "author": "Federico Navarrete", "short": "Navarrete", "year": 2004, "citation": "Navarrete, Federico. 2004. The Hidden Codes of the Codex Azcatitlan. RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 45 (Spring): 144-160. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20167625.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20167625", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete Drive PDF; 18 pages including repository wrapper where present. Footnotes, captions and references read; page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "Printed pp. 144-160", "use": "Navarrete analyzes narrative organization, mixed visual conventions and politically differentiated audiences in Azcatitlan; the proposed hidden messages remain attributed interpretations.", "limit": "Audience-specific political readings, Tlatelolca authorship and oral performances are reasoned scholarly hypotheses. The title does not describe a demonstrated cipher. Colonial manuscript evidence does not by itself date the practice before contact.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "A04", "source_id": "A04", "title": "Costume Analysis and the Provenience of the Borgia Group Codices", "author": "Patricia Anawalt", "short": "Anawalt", "year": 1981, "citation": "Anawalt, Patricia. 1981. Costume Analysis and the Provenience of the Borgia Group Codices. American Antiquity 46 (4): 837-852. https://www.jstor.org/stable/280110.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/280110", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete Drive PDF; 17 pages including repository wrapper where present. Footnotes, captions and references read; page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "Printed pp. 837-852", "use": "Anawalt compares garment construction and recurrent costume details in the Borgia Group and Mixtec books. Her regional origin proposals remain hypotheses, not settled workshop locations.", "limit": "A 1981 comparative intervention. Artistic resemblance, costume and trade do not uniquely establish region, language or community. The Ordaz export route is explicitly speculative and is not drawn as a documented journey.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "A05", "source_id": "A05", "title": "The Path from Aztlan to Mexico: On Visual Narration in Mesoamerican Codices", "author": "Federico Navarrete", "short": "Navarrete", "year": 2000, "citation": "Navarrete, Federico. 2000. “The Path from Aztlan to Mexico: On Visual Narration in Mesoamerican Codices.” RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 37 (Spring): 31–48.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20167492", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete Drive PDF; 19 pages including repository wrapper where present. Footnotes, captions and references read; page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "Printed pp. 31–48", "use": "Navarrete traces the joint organization of time, space, movement and performance in Mexica migration histories, and the active adaptation of bound-page formats after contact.", "limit": "All manuscripts in the main comparison were made after conquest. The article argues continuity of organizing conventions, but supplies no direct precontact manufacture date, literacy rate or proof that no European analogue exists.", "identity_note": "Two Drive filenames, one Navarrete article; extracted article pages are text-identical." }, { "id": "A06", "source_id": "A06", "title": "The Historical Validity of the Codex Xolotl", "author": "Edward E. Calnek", "short": "Calnek", "year": 1973, "citation": "Edward E. Calnek. 1973. The Historical Validity of the Codex Xolotl. American Antiquity 38 (4): 423–427.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/279147", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete Drive PDF; 6 pages including repository wrapper where present. Footnotes, captions and references read; page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "Printed pp. 423–427", "use": "Calnek argues for point-by-point historical scrutiny of Xolotl, testing a recoverable historical core alongside political selection, discrepancies and dynastic purpose.", "limit": "The claim of general authenticity is Calnek's conclusion, not proof of every episode or exact date. His thesis about omissions is an interpretation, and he acknowledges uncertainty over whether abandonment was meant literally. Parsons 1970, Dibble 1951, the Tepanec text and Chimalpahin are discussed through Calnek here; they were not independently read in this intake. This article does not establish the social distribution of literacy or a comparative European ranking. Do not conflate dates of depicted events with production dates of surviving manuscripts.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "A07", "source_id": "A07", "title": "Texcoco Region Archaeology and the Codex Xolotl", "author": "Thomas H. Charlton", "short": "Charlton", "year": 1973, "citation": "Thomas H. Charlton. 1973. Texcoco Region Archaeology and the Codex Xolotl. American Antiquity 38 (4): 412–423.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/279146", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete Drive PDF; 13 pages including repository wrapper where present. Footnotes, captions and references read; page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "Printed pp. 412–423", "use": "Charlton proposes an archaeological and ecological reassessment of Texcoco settlement patterns and their correlation with events narrated in Xolotl.", "limit": "This is an argument within a 1970 s archaeological debate, and its period terminology and assumptions need current scholarship alongside them. Table 1 contains percentages of settlement types within regions, not a direct count of literate people or books. An unoccupied survey area, omitted inhabitants in a narrative, and abandoned political sovereignty are different claims. Charlton's account and Calnek's critique use different explanatory strategies; presenting both clarifies uncertainty rather than proving one literal history. Parsons 1970 is known here through Charlton's quotations and argument; no claim of full-text ingestion of Parsons is made.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "B01", "source_id": "B01", "title": "Sahagún’s Codex Florentino: The Enigmatic A", "author": "Ellen T. Baird", "short": "Ellen T. Baird", "year": "1987", "citation": "Baird, Ellen T. 1987. “Sahagun’s Codex Florentino: The Enigmatic A.” Ethnohistory 34 (3): 288–306.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/482236", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete article, journal pp. 288–306, including notes and references. Page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "pp. 288–306; article text and references read in full; p. 294, Book 9 chapters 16, 20 and 21; pp. 299–303, architectural models and retained pictorial grammar", "use": "Baird treats Book 9 images as carriers of technical information, shows how Indigenous compositional habits could operate through European motifs, and replaces an unsupported signature attribution with a qualified copying hypothesis.", "limit": "1987 interpretive art history; its precontact/colonial periodization and counts should be contextualized with current manuscript scholarship. Baird’s corpus dates (1578–80) and Robertson-derived style categories are not a substitute for current institutional dating. Sahagún is the subject, not a coauthor, despite automated archive metadata.", "identity_note": "Requested abbreviated Sahagún title resolves to the specific article “The Enigmatic A.” Sahagún is its subject; Ellen T. Baird is its author." }, { "id": "B02", "source_id": "B02", "title": "The Zouche Codex", "author": "Richard C. E. Long", "short": "Richard C. E. Long", "year": "1926", "citation": "Long, Richard C. E. 1926. “The Zouche Codex.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 56: 239–258.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2843612", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete article, journal pp. 239–258, including notes and references. Scanned text recovered with Apple Vision OCR and read against the original.", "locator": "pp. 239–258; full scanned article read via OCR; pp. 239–242, method and assumptions; pp. 247–255, genealogical sequences; pp. 256–258, divisions and comparison", "use": "Shows an early scholarly attempt to read the manuscript as a structured historical and genealogical record, using the combination of calendrical signs and life events rather than treating it as free illustration.", "limit": "1926 scholarship with obsolete terminology and speculative identifications; OCR has column losses and occasional character errors. Original PDF contains no searchable article text; its cover alone is searchable. Long repeatedly assumes normal lifespans, marriage sequences and textual mistakes to decide competing chronologies. Current institutional and specialist sources are required for present-day dates and names.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "B03", "source_id": "B03", "title": "The Examination and Conservation Treatment of the Library of Congress Harkness 1531 Huejotzingo Codex", "author": "Sylvia Rodgers Albro, Thomas C. Albro II", "short": "Sylvia Rodgers Albro", "year": "1990", "citation": "Albro, Sylvia Rodgers, and Thomas C. Albro II. 1990. “The Examination and Conservation Treatment of the Library of Congress Harkness 1531 Huejotzingo Codex.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 29 (2): 97–115.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3179577", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Conservation study", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete article, journal pp. 97–115, including notes and references. Page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "pp. 97–115; complete text, notes and references read; pp. 97–99, object and binding; pp. 103–105, inks, fibers, pigments and prior folds; pp. 108–110, conservation decisions; pp. 112–113, identification qualifications", "use": "Provides direct material evidence for two Indigenous paper technologies and a varied palette within one colonial legal object, alongside European linen paper, damaging iron-containing inks and a binding that changed access.", "limit": "Conservation identification as reported in 1990; distinguishes observation, microscopic identification, source-based probability and unsupported certainty. Uses dated ethnic and botanical language. The paper calls agave a cactus, a terminology error that should not be copied.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "B04", "source_id": "B04", "title": "The Politics of Print: The Historiography of the Book in Early Spanish America", "author": "Hortensia Calvo", "short": "Hortensia Calvo", "year": "2003", "citation": "Calvo, Hortensia. 2003. “The Politics of Print: The Historiography of the Book in Early Spanish America.” Book History 6: 277–305.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/30227351", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Historiographic review", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete article, journal pp. 277–305, including notes and references. Page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "pp. 277–305; text and all 86 notes read in full; pp. 277–284, politics of historical interpretation; pp. 292–296, critiques of print primacy and expanded writing; pp. 303–305, references for expanded literacies", "use": "The discipline’s criteria for cultural achievement have been political and changeable. Calvo surveys a move beyond the European printed book toward material, oral, manuscript and Indigenous forms of knowledge.", "limit": "A 2003 survey of scholarship then available; the sixteen-surviving-codices figure and imprint chronologies are historical claims to check against current institutional records, not timeless totals. Several arguments are Calvo’s summaries of other scholars and must be attributed accordingly.", "identity_note": "The Politics of Print and The Historiography of the Book in Early Spanish America are main title and subtitle of one article. Both Drive variants compared across all 29 article pages." }, { "id": "B06", "source_id": "B06", "title": "Women and Political Power: The Inclusion and Exclusion of Noblewomen in Aztec Pictorial Histories", "author": "Lori Boornazian Diel", "short": "Lori Boornazian Diel", "year": "2005", "citation": "Diel, Lori Boornazian. 2005. “Women and Political Power: The Inclusion and Exclusion of Noblewomen in Aztec Pictorial Histories.” RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 47: 82–106.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20167660", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete article, journal pp. 82–106, including notes and references. Page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "pp. 82–106; full text, notes and references read; pp. 83–92, Tira de Tepechpan and female rulers; pp. 93–99, comparative visibility in Texcocan and Mexica histories; pp. 99–102, colonial context and imperial explanation", "use": "Argues that inclusion and exclusion of named noblewomen vary with local and imperial political agendas; visual conventions record legitimate descent, alliances and exceptional female rule.", "limit": "Interpretive causal argument rather than a census of all women or all histories; surviving histories are colonial and recount precontact events. Local bias, genre and commissioning context matter. Some regency and political-motive readings are explicitly conjectural.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "B07", "source_id": "B07", "title": "The Provenience and Contents of the Porfirio Diaz and Fernandez Leal Codices: Some New Data and Analysis", "author": "Eva Hunt", "short": "Eva Hunt", "year": "1978", "citation": "Hunt, Eva. 1978. “The Provenience and Contents of the Porfirio Diaz and Fernandez Leal Codices: Some New Data and Analysis.” American Antiquity 43 (4): 673–690.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/279498", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Scholarly article", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete article, journal pp. 673–690, including notes and references. Page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "pp. 673–690, complete article including tables and references read; adjacent articles excluded; pp. 674–676, 1562 lawsuit and manuscript histories; pp. 676–682, place-name and scene correspondence tables; pp. 683–688, dates, damage, local histories and method", "use": "Grounds the historical sections in Cuicatec geography, a succession dispute and water rights; demonstrates the need to read originals and to combine pictorial, alphabetic and oral evidence.", "limit": "Hunt reconstructs manuscript creation and mutilation by inference from a legal record and physical traces. Several personal names, place-names and dates are unresolved; three possible Porfirio Díaz spans (226, 263, 280 years) and different Fernández Leal totals remain. Current institutional dating and later scholarship must be consulted before publishing production dates as settled.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "B08", "source_id": "B08", "title": "The Oldest American Book", "author": "Dorothy Penn", "short": "Dorothy Penn", "year": "1939", "citation": "Penn, Dorothy. 1939. “The Oldest American Book.” Hispania 22 (3): 303–306.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/332265", "kind": "Required corpus", "type": "Historical scholarly note", "coverage": "Full text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete article, journal pp. 303–306, including notes and references. Page-indexed extraction retained privately.", "locator": "pp. 303–306; all four pages read, repeated text-layer copies ignored; p. 303, scope and dates; pp. 304–305, civilizing framework and estimates; pp. 305–306, reprinted labor contract and appraisal", "use": "Documents a 1939 claim for Mexico’s priority in American colonial printing and the assumptions through which European missionary print was presented as civilizing achievement.", "limit": "Contains racist comparisons between Indigenous peoples, missionary triumphalism, explicit speculations about labor/ink/print runs, and factual/typographical errors. The printed p. 303 gives Bay Psalm’s date as 1639 and later says 1594 for a publication called the following year after 1543; the latter is visibly printed in the scan and is not just OCR. Do not repeat these errors or its broad 'oldest' title as fact.", "identity_note": "" }, { "id": "CMP-S01", "source_id": "CMP-S01", "title": "Códice Maya de México", "author": "J. Paul Getty Museum, in collaboration with INAH and Biblioteca Nacional de Antropología e Historia", "short": "J. Paul Getty Museum", "year": "2022 exhibition", "citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum, in collaboration with INAH and Biblioteca Nacional de Antropología e Historia. 2022 exhibition. Códice Maya de México.", "url": "https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/maya_codex/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "institutional exhibition", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete short exhibition page; selected-work caption and introductory paragraph.", "locator": "Introductory paragraph and opening image caption; web readback lines 3–11.", "use": "Dates the book to about 1100 and identifies it as a pre-European Maya manuscript on prepared bark paper.", "limit": "An exhibition's approximate object date is not the date of the invention of Maya books. Do not extend it to all American traditions." }, { "id": "CMP-S02", "source_id": "CMP-S02", "title": "Códice Maya de México: Gallery Text", "author": "J. Paul Getty Museum", "short": "J. Paul Getty Museum", "year": "2022", "citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum. 2022. Códice Maya de México: Gallery Text.", "url": "https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/maya_codex/downloads/maya_codex_gallery_text.pdf", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "institutional exhibition text", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "All 11 PDF pages, English and Spanish gallery labels.", "locator": "PDF pp. 1–6 on authentication/materials; p. 7 on reading; pp. 8–10 on calendrics and Venus.", "use": "Explains scientific authentication and the relation between day signs, bundled numbers, deities, and successive Venus phases.", "limit": "Some provenance remains reported rather than archaeologically documented. Radiocarbon dating of paper alone would not prove painting date; Getty reports convergent material investigations." }, { "id": "CMP-S03", "source_id": "CMP-S03", "title": "The Maya Codex in the SLUB Dresden", "author": "Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden", "short": "Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden", "year": "undated institutional page, accessed 2026-10-15", "citation": "Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden. undated institutional page, accessed 2026-10-15. The Maya Codex in the SLUB Dresden.", "url": "https://www.slub-dresden.de/en/explore/manuscripts/the-dresden-maya-codex", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "holding institution", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Main content and provenance/access statement.", "locator": "Main list and paragraph below it; web readback lines 457–468.", "use": "Dates Dresden to ca. 1300–1521 in Yucatán; describes 39 bark-bast sheets originally screenfolded and its several knowledge domains.", "limit": "The institution's qualitative superlatives are not adopted as comparative rankings. Acquisition in Vienna in 1739 does not establish an earlier route." }, { "id": "CMP-S04", "source_id": "CMP-S04", "title": "Dresden Maya Codex: Content", "author": "SLUB Dresden", "short": "SLUB Dresden", "year": "undated institutional page, accessed 2026-10-15", "citation": "SLUB Dresden. undated institutional page, accessed 2026-10-15. Dresden Maya Codex: Content.", "url": "https://www.slub-dresden.de/en/explore/manuscripts/the-dresden-maya-codex/content", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "holding institution's manuscript guide", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete substantive content section, including section/page links.", "locator": "Venus, codex pp. 24 and 46–50; eclipses pp. 51–58; introduction and agricultural almanacs.", "use": "Identifies the 584-day Venus scheme over 104 years and the coexistence of calculation, divination, and ritual use.", "limit": "Distinguish table schemes and copied base dates from the date of the surviving manuscript. Predictions are not evidence of modern scientific cosmology." }, { "id": "CMP-S05", "source_id": "CMP-S05", "title": "Ancient Books: Mixtec Group Codices", "author": "John M. D. Pohl, FAMSI", "short": "John M. D. Pohl", "year": "undated scholarly educational essay, accessed 2026-10-15", "citation": "John M. D. Pohl, FAMSI. undated scholarly educational essay, accessed 2026-10-15. Ancient Books: Mixtec Group Codices.", "url": "https://www.famsi.org/research/pohl/jpcodices/pohlmixtec1.html", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "named scholar's research exposition", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete essay.", "locator": "Paragraphs on Nuttall reading order, contrasting dynastic perspectives, and Bodley genealogies; codex-page locators supplied in essay.", "use": "Describes meandering reading guides and different political emphases across related Mixtec histories.", "limit": "Many event identifications are scholarly interpretations. Its broad contemporary demographic statements are dated and are not reused." }, { "id": "CMP-S06", "source_id": "CMP-S06", "title": "Regional Scribal Traditions: Methodological Implications for the Decipherment of Nahuatl Writing", "author": "Alfonso Lacadena", "short": "Alfonso Lacadena", "year": "2008", "citation": "Alfonso Lacadena. 2008. Regional Scribal Traditions: Methodological Implications for the Decipherment of Nahuatl Writing.", "url": "https://www.mesoweb.com/pari/publications/journal/804/PARI0804.pdf", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "primary scholarly argument, The PARI Journal 8(4):1–22", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Abstract and introduction; detailed comparative discussion on printed pp. 12–16. The entire article and the other articles in the 48-page issue are not claimed as fully read.", "locator": "Article p. 1; pp. 12–15, especially six features on pp. 13–15.", "use": "Argues for regional scribal continuity and phonetic resources while specifying the surviving system's concentration on names and calendrical/arithmetic expression.", "limit": "An attributed decipherment model, not a universal consensus or proof that each surviving Nahua page transcribes continuous speech. Source dating must remain independent of his continuity argument." }, { "id": "CMP-S07", "source_id": "CMP-S07", "title": "A Preliminary Classic Maya–English / English–Classic Maya Vocabulary of Hieroglyphic Readings", "author": "Erik Boot", "short": "Erik Boot", "year": "January 2002", "citation": "Erik Boot. January 2002. A Preliminary Classic Maya–English / English–Classic Maya Vocabulary of Hieroglyphic Readings.", "url": "https://www.mesoweb.com/resources/vocabulary/Vocabulary.pdf", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "primary epigraphic research reference", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Introduction pp. 3–10 and contents; not the entire 128-page vocabulary.", "locator": "Printed pp. 5–7 on syllabic/logographic signs, transcription and grammatical classes; pp. 9–10 on language and uncertainty.", "use": "Documents a linguistic writing system with syllabic and logographic signs and grammatical readings, while marking disputed decipherments.", "limit": "Specific 2002 readings are provisional and should not be used as a current beginner's decipherment key. Used for structural distinction and disciplined uncertainty." }, { "id": "CMP-S08", "source_id": "CMP-S08", "title": "Writing Without Words: Alternative Literacies in Mesoamerica and the Andes", "author": "Elizabeth Hill Boone and Walter D. Mignolo, editors; Duke University Press", "short": "Elizabeth Hill Boone and Walter D. Mignolo", "year": "1994", "citation": "Elizabeth Hill Boone and Walter D. Mignolo, editors; Duke University Press. 1994. Writing Without Words: Alternative Literacies in Mesoamerica and the Andes.", "url": "https://www.dukeupress.edu/writing-without-words", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "publisher's description and verified bibliography", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Publisher description and full table of contents only. Chapter full text was not available from this endpoint.", "locator": "Publisher description and contents, including Boone introduction p. 3 and Houston chapter p. 27.", "use": "Verifies the volume's explicit challenge to an evolutionary story ending in alphabetic speech recording.", "limit": "Do not cite this record as full ingestion of Boone, Houston, Monaghan, King, or Mignolo chapters. It supports the volume's declared framing only." }, { "id": "CMP-S09", "source_id": "CMP-S09", "title": "Signs of resistance: Iconography and semasiography in Otomi architectural decoration and manuscripts of the early colonial period", "author": "David Charles Wright-Carr", "short": "David Charles Wright-Carr", "year": "2017", "citation": "David Charles Wright-Carr. 2017. Signs of resistance: Iconography and semasiography in Otomi architectural decoration and manuscripts of the early colonial period.", "url": "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/5936", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "peer-reviewed research, Visible Language 51(1)", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Full abstract; printed pp. 60–63 on concepts and pp. 67–71 on selected Jilotepec and Mixquiahuala examples. Other examples and references are not claimed as fully reviewed.", "locator": "Abstract and opening discussion of central Mexican visual language; article PDF linked from publisher.", "use": "Studies the persistence and adaptation of central Mexican visual conventions in Otomi colonial contexts.", "limit": "Otomi examples must retain that attribution. This does not make every regional tradition interchangeable or prove all pictorial signs were phonetic." }, { "id": "CMP-S10", "source_id": "CMP-S10", "title": "The Book of Hours: A Medieval Bestseller", "author": "Wendy Alpern Stein, Metropolitan Museum of Art", "short": "Wendy Alpern Stein", "year": "2017-06-01", "citation": "Wendy Alpern Stein, Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2017-06-01. The Book of Hours: A Medieval Bestseller.", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-book-of-hours-in-medieval-christianity", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "named museum scholar's essay", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete essay and caption dates.", "locator": "Paragraphs on recitation, customization, image markers, calendars, and manuscript/print coexistence; web lines 110–138.", "use": "European devotional books also depended on images, recurring performance, and visual navigation.", "limit": "Luxury masterpieces are not representative of all European books or all readers. Ownership does not measure comprehensive literacy." }, { "id": "CMP-S11", "source_id": "CMP-S11", "title": "The Making of a Medieval Book", "author": "J. Paul Getty Museum", "short": "J. Paul Getty Museum", "year": "2003 exhibition", "citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum. 2003 exhibition. The Making of a Medieval Book.", "url": "https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/making/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "institutional material-history exposition", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete exhibition text on parchment, writing, illumination and binding.", "locator": "Sections Parchment Making, Writing, Illumination and Binding.", "use": "Explains the linked manufacturing operations behind European parchment books and their sewn gatherings.", "limit": "Its broad dates for European paper use are not used to imply that Europe had no paper before 1450. Do not confuse the demonstration's materials with all European book production." }, { "id": "CMP-S12", "source_id": "CMP-S12", "title": "Dresden Illuminated Manuscript of the Sachsenspiegel", "author": "SLUB Dresden", "short": "SLUB Dresden", "year": "undated institutional guide, accessed 2026-10-15", "citation": "SLUB Dresden. undated institutional guide, accessed 2026-10-15. Dresden Illuminated Manuscript of the Sachsenspiegel.", "url": "https://www.slub-dresden.de/en/explore/manuscripts/sachsenspiegel", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "holding institution's legal-manuscript guide", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete substantive guide from Eike's book through conservation history.", "locator": "Four Illuminated Manuscripts; Dresden version dated 1343–1363; image and text columns explained.", "use": "A European law book uses structured image sequences alongside text to clarify legal relationships.", "limit": "A normative law compilation differs from a particular litigant's evidentiary account. A comparison must specify the function shared and the one that differs." }, { "id": "CMP-S13", "source_id": "CMP-S13", "title": "A very curious Almanack", "author": "The Royal Society, Google Arts & Culture exhibition", "short": "The Royal Society", "year": "undated exhibition, includes 2022 unfolding demonstration", "citation": "The Royal Society, Google Arts & Culture exhibition. undated exhibition, includes 2022 unfolding demonstration. A very curious Almanack.", "url": "https://artsandculture.google.com/story/39-a-very-curious-almanack-39-the-royal-society/6QVxDXpcN2LcMQ?hl=en", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "holding institution's manuscript analysis", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete exhibition text, MS/45 sections and credits.", "locator": "MS/45, ca. 1385–1400; sections A lunar cipher and Perpetual astronomical calendar.", "use": "A European folding almanac combines agriculture, Christian dates, astronomical calculation and a numerical cipher.", "limit": "The exhibition identifies probable regional provenance using several clues; retain that uncertainty. It does not benchmark the accuracy of Maya tables." }, { "id": "CMP-S14", "source_id": "CMP-S14", "title": "Mixtec Codices and the Living Heritage of the Ñuu Savi", "author": "SDCELAR, British Museum; reporting work by Omar Aguilar Sánchez and Izaira López Sánchez", "short": "SDCELAR", "year": "2023-09-27", "citation": "SDCELAR, British Museum; reporting work by Omar Aguilar Sánchez and Izaira López Sánchez. 2023-09-27. Mixtec Codices and the Living Heritage of the Ñuu Savi.", "url": "https://www.sdcelarbritishmuseum.org/news/watch-the-talk-mixtec-codices-and-the-living-heritage-of-the-nuu-savi/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "institutional account of Indigenous scholarship and education", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete short report; linked talk was not transcribed or claimed as watched.", "locator": "Opening three paragraphs on scholars, community language projects, and Tonindeye.", "use": "Places codices within present-day Ñuu Savi scholarship and language education, rather than only a European collecting history.", "limit": "The report's description is not a substitute for the full talk or for the scholars' own publications." }, { "id": "CMP-S15", "source_id": "CMP-S15", "title": "How deep are the JCB's connections to Mexico?", "author": "John Carter Brown Library", "short": "John Carter Brown Library", "year": "2019-07-18", "citation": "John Carter Brown Library. 2019-07-18. How deep are the JCB's connections to Mexico?.", "url": "https://jcblibrary.org/news/how-deep-are-jcbs-connections-mexico/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "holding institution's print-history account", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete article.", "locator": "Second paragraph on Mexican printing in 1539 and the local use of incunables.", "use": "Provides a verified 1539 starting point for printing in Mexico, separate from the much earlier existence of books.", "limit": "This record does not establish which individual 1539 title survives, a number of copies, or a social reach of printing. Those require other evidence." }, { "id": "CMP-S16", "source_id": "CMP-S16", "title": "Vessel with Seated Lord", "author": "James Doyle, Metropolitan Museum of Art", "short": "James Doyle", "year": "object dated seventh–eighth century; undated collection essay", "citation": "James Doyle, Metropolitan Museum of Art. object dated seventh–eighth century; undated collection essay. Vessel with Seated Lord.", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/316711", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "object record and curator's epigraphic interpretation", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete curatorial text, object metadata and displayed rights statement.", "locator": "Object 1992.4; first three paragraphs on possessed noun, personal name and syllabic sign.", "use": "A much earlier Maya object carries a grammatical ownership text, confirming that pictorial appearance does not mean an absence of linguistic writing.", "limit": "A ceramic inscription is evidence for writing, not a surviving paper book. The owner's exact polity and object's ancient findspot remain uncertain." }, { "id": "CMP-S17", "source_id": "CMP-S17", "title": "Chronicle of the History of the World from Creation to Woden, with a Genealogy of Edward IV", "author": "Penn Libraries and collaborators, directed by Emily Steiner", "short": "Penn Libraries and collaborators", "year": "2023–2025 digital edition; manuscript ca. 1461–1464", "citation": "Penn Libraries and collaborators, directed by Emily Steiner. 2023–2025 digital edition; manuscript ca. 1461–1464. Chronicle of the History of the World from Creation to Woden, with a Genealogy of Edward IV.", "url": "https://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/chronicle-world", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "scholarly digital edition and holding institution's exposition", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Project overview and director's full introduction; Free Library commentary consulted. Full manuscript transcription is not claimed as read.", "locator": "Lewis E 201; Director's Overview, especially paragraphs on simultaneous reading, diagram/text, legendary ancestry and Yorkist legitimacy.", "use": "A fifteenth-century European genealogy uses graphic lineages and sacred ancestry to legitimate power; European writing was also multimodal.", "limit": "Modern historians need not accept the genealogy's origin stories to recognize its historical function. The precise original owner remains uncertain." }, { "id": "CMP-S18", "source_id": "CMP-S18", "title": "An analytical study of the Huexotzinco Codex using X-ray fluorescence, fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy, and portable Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy", "author": "Tana Elizabeth Villafana, Mary Elizabeth Haude and Amanda Satorius", "short": "Tana Elizabeth Villafana", "year": "2021-05-10", "citation": "Tana Elizabeth Villafana, Mary Elizabeth Haude and Amanda Satorius. 2021-05-10. An analytical study of the Huexotzinco Codex using X-ray fluorescence, fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy, and portable Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s40494-021-00524-1", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "primary conservation-science research, Heritage Science 9:54", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Full introduction, methods, material results and discussion, with figures and limitations; references not independently ingested.", "locator": "Introduction; Results—Paper and Pigment identification; Fig. 7; discussion of orange kaolinite and mixed-clay Maya blue.", "use": "Analyzes a colonial 1531 legal manuscript's Indigenous supports, cochineal and hybrid pigments, while identifying uncertain materials and possible changes.", "limit": "Do not transfer every 1531 finding backwards to all precontact books. The yellow dye is not definitively identified; potential European influence on orange is proposed, not proved." }, { "id": "CMP-S15a", "source_id": "CMP-S15a", "title": "Early Mexican Imprints at the JCB", "author": "John Carter Brown Library", "short": "John Carter Brown Library", "year": "2024-09-12 update", "citation": "John Carter Brown Library. 2024-09-12 update. Early Mexican Imprints at the JCB.", "url": "https://jcblibrary.org/news/early-mexican-imprints-jcb/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "institutional print-history account", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete short institutional article.", "locator": "Opening four substantive paragraphs.", "use": "Describes a 66-imprint sample, 1544–1600, its languages and varied uses.", "limit": "Institutional sample, not total output or population readership." }, { "id": "CMP-S15b", "source_id": "CMP-S15b", "title": "Gutiérrez, Jerónima", "author": "Primeros Libros de las Américas, University of Texas Libraries", "short": "Primeros Libros de las Américas", "year": "undated, accessed 2026-10-15", "citation": "Primeros Libros de las Américas, University of Texas Libraries. undated, accessed 2026-10-15. Gutiérrez, Jerónima.", "url": "https://primeroslibros.org/printer-biographies/gutierrez-jeronima", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "institutional print-history account", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete biography and bibliography.", "locator": "Main biography paragraph.", "use": "Identifies her publication of Psalterium chorale (1563), referring to Rosa María Fernández de Zamora.", "limit": "Do not infer her exact work at a press or broader education from a proprietorial imprint.", "identity_note": " Current official URL verified on 15 October 2026 after legacy Spotlight URL returned404. Complete replacement page read and matched to the cited identity; local HTTP/TLS evidence retained." }, { "id": "CMP-S15c", "source_id": "CMP-S15c", "title": "Sansoric, María de, fl. 1572–1597", "author": "Primeros Libros de las Américas, University of Texas Libraries", "short": "Primeros Libros de las Américas", "year": "undated, accessed 2026-10-15", "citation": "Primeros Libros de las Américas, University of Texas Libraries. undated, accessed 2026-10-15. Sansoric, María de, fl. 1572–1597.", "url": "https://primeroslibros.org/printer-biographies/sansoric-maria-de", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "institutional print-history account", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete biography and bibliography.", "locator": "Main biography paragraph.", "use": "Follows shop direction and its 1597 move to the College of Tlatelolco.", "limit": "A modern biographical synthesis with cited earlier scholarship, not the complete original shop archive.", "identity_note": " Current official URL verified on 15 October 2026 after legacy Spotlight URL returned404. Complete replacement page read and matched to the cited identity; local HTTP/TLS evidence retained." }, { "id": "IMG-S01", "source_id": "IMG-S01", "title": "Mendoza · institutional image record", "author": "Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford", "short": "Bodleian Libraries", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford. Mendoza: the foundation tableau. Digital object record.", "url": "https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/2fea788e-2aa2-4f08-b6d9-648c00486220/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "folio 2r", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "Use within the requested private noncommercial research atlas. The bound volume includes later material; the three selected leaves belong to the Mexican pictorial manuscript, not the added money tables. Original institutional image preserved without crop. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "IMG-S02", "source_id": "IMG-S02", "title": "Selden / Añute · institutional image record", "author": "Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford", "short": "Bodleian Libraries", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford. Selden / Añute: history rising through the fold. Digital object record.", "url": "https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/5fb5517b-0539-4531-b996-44fa52ede044/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "page 1", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "Bodleian explicitly calls it post 1556, pre-Conquest in style, and a screenfold read from the bottom upward in boustrophedon. Do not describe the surviving painting as precontact. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "IMG-S03", "source_id": "IMG-S03", "title": "Huexotzinco 1531 · institutional image record", "author": "Library of Congress, Manuscript Division; Harkness Collection", "short": "Library of Congress", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "Library of Congress, Manuscript Division; Harkness Collection. Huexotzinco 1531: panel 1. Digital object record.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/mss47662-2657/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "panel 1 (LOC digital sequence)", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "Eight sheets made for a colonial legal proceeding. This is evidence of continuing Indigenous pictorial accounting after contact, not a surviving precontact manuscript. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "IMG-S04", "source_id": "IMG-S04", "title": "Azcatitlan · institutional image record", "author": "Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des Manuscrits; image supplied through LOC/WDL", "short": "Bibliothèque nationale de France", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des Manuscrits; image supplied through LOC/WDL. Azcatitlan: digital image 7. Digital object record.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2021668122/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "LOC/WDL digital image 7; historical foliation not independently verified", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "Use the digital image number as the exact locator. Do not turn it into a folio number. LOC dating and some summary wording are older catalogue claims and must be reconciled with the required Navarrete paper. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "IMG-S05", "source_id": "IMG-S05", "title": "Tonindeye / Zouche-Nuttall · institutional image record", "author": "Original: British Museum. Facsimile: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology,1902. Digitization: Getty Research Institute via Internet Archive.", "short": "Original: British Museum. Facsimile: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "Original: British Museum. Facsimile: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology,1902. Digitization: Getty Research Institute via Internet Archive.. Tonindeye / Zouche-Nuttall: plate 76 in the 1902 facsimile. Digital object record.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/gri_33125011146541", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "printed plate 76; IA scan 60", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "This is an historical facsimile, not a photograph of the original deerskin. Plate number verified on the image. Color and contour judgments about the original must use an original digitization or conservation research. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "IMG-S06", "source_id": "IMG-S06", "title": "Dresden Codex · institutional image record", "author": "Saxon State and University Library Dresden (SLUB); image via LOC/WDL", "short": "Saxon State and University Library Dresden (SLUB); image via LOC/WDL", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "Saxon State and University Library Dresden (SLUB); image via LOC/WDL. Dresden Codex: LOC digital image 46; physical page number unverified. Digital object record.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667917/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "LOC digital image 46; physical page number unverified", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "Precontact Maya evidence. Do not identify this as Aztec or imply it is the oldest surviving American book; the Maya Codex of Mexico is older. Institutional dating statements differ and are retained here. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "IMG-S07", "source_id": "IMG-S07", "title": "Florentine Codex, BookXI · institutional image record", "author": "Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence; image via LOC/WDL", "short": "Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence; image via LOC/WDL. Florentine Codex, BookXI: folio 7r (visible original foliation 7; LOC image 19). Digital object record.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667856/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "folio 7r (visible original foliation 7; LOC image 19)", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "These files come from LOC/WDL, not the Getty Digital Florentine Codex image service. Preserve the actual source and its rights record. The codex is a manuscript, not an early printed book. Visible original foliation was checked against the digital scan. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "IMG-S08", "source_id": "IMG-S08", "title": "Florentine Codex, BookXII · institutional image record", "author": "Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence; image via LOC/WDL", "short": "Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence; image via LOC/WDL. Florentine Codex, BookXII: folio 56r (visible original foliation 56; LOC image 115). Digital object record.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667857/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "folio 56r (visible original foliation 56; LOC image 115)", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "These files come from LOC/WDL, not the Getty Digital Florentine Codex image service. Preserve the actual source and its rights record. The codex is a manuscript, not an early printed book. Visible original foliation was checked against the digital scan. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "IMG-S09", "source_id": "IMG-S09", "title": "Tripartito del christianissimo y consolatorio doctor Juan Gerson de doctrina christiana (1544) · institutional image record", "author": "John Carter Brown Library, digitized copy via Internet Archive", "short": "John Carter Brown Library", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "John Carter Brown Library, digitized copy via Internet Archive. Tripartito del christianissimo y consolatorio doctor Juan Gerson de doctrina christiana (1544). Digital object record.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/tripartitodelchr00gers", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "title page, IA scan 5", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "Printed in Mexico under Juan Cromberger's name. Do not call this the first book made in the Americas. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "IMG-S10", "source_id": "IMG-S10", "title": "Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana (1571) · institutional image record", "author": "John Carter Brown Library, digitized copy via Internet Archive", "short": "John Carter Brown Library", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "John Carter Brown Library, digitized copy via Internet Archive. Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana (1571). Digital object record.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/vocabularioenlen00moli", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "part 1 title page, IA scan 5", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "Alonso de Molina; Mexico: Antonio de Espinosa. Two-part dictionary, second part with separate title. JCB notes a possible facsimile title leaf in part 2; the selected title is part 1. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "IMG-S11", "source_id": "IMG-S11", "title": "Borgia · institutional image record", "author": "Original: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Borg.mess.1. Facsimile digitization: FAMSI institutional partnership; Wikimedia Commons mirror.", "short": "Original: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "Original: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Borg.mess.1. Facsimile digitization: FAMSI institutional partnership; Wikimedia Commons mirror.. Borgia: page 1 in the 1898 Loubat facsimile. Digital object record.", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Borgia_page_1.jpg", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / image and rights record", "coverage": "Metadata and image checked", "coverage_detail": "Institutional catalogue, image metadata and reuse statement checked; local image decoded and visually reviewed. This is not full scholarship ingestion.", "locator": "facsimile page 1", "use": "Identifies the reproduced object or historical facsimile, its image source and reuse terms.", "limit": "Use as a clearly labeled 1898 facsimile. Do not equate the entire Borgia Group with the Mexica or attach a certain production town to the original. Vatican image-service reuse permissions were not established, so this is not a Vatican digitization. Digital image access is not by itself a licence." }, { "id": "COL-S01", "source_id": "COL-S01", "title": "Códice Porfirio Díaz: institutional exhibition record", "author": "INAH", "short": "INAH", "year": "Accessed15October 2026", "citation": "INAH. Códice Porfirio Díaz: institutional exhibition record.", "url": "https://www.codices.inah.gob.mx/pc/contenido.php?id=42", "locator": "Object metadata and content/history paragraphs", "use": "Identifies a sixteenth-century skin screenfold; dimensions 20×16×2cm describe the closed object.", "limit": "Legacy page; unrelated material at page end excluded. Broad century does not settle pre/postcontact status.", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / specialist research", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Full HTML object metadata, introduction, contents and history read." }, { "id": "COL-S02", "source_id": "COL-S02", "title": "Códice Porfirio Díaz", "author": "Sebastián van Doesburg", "short": "Sebastián van Doesburg", "year": "Accessed15October 2026", "citation": "Sebastián van Doesburg. Códice Porfirio Díaz.", "url": "https://arqueologiamexicana.mx/mexico-antiguo/codice-porfirio-diaz", "locator": "Public text from Arqueología Mexicana special 42,2012, pp.14–17", "use": "States that production date is unknown, probably early sixteenth century; identifies BNAH 35-50 and later boundary glosses; revises earlier identifications.", "limit": "Public scholarly summary read; separately purchasable edition not read. Narrated campaigns and manufacture have different dates.", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Named specialist’s public scholarly summary", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Full text visible on the public page read, including date, origin, repository and critique of earlier scholarship." }, { "id": "COL-S03", "source_id": "COL-S03", "title": "Latin Americana: Codex Fernández Leal", "author": "UC Berkeley Library", "short": "UC Berkeley Library", "year": "Accessed15October 2026", "citation": "UC Berkeley Library. Latin Americana: Codex Fernández Leal.", "url": "https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/visit/bancroft/latin-americana", "locator": "Codex Fernández Leal section", "use": "Identifies the original at Bancroft, on native amatl, as a sixteenth-century scroll possibly deriving from earlier models.", "limit": "Published lengths differ across older news and current catalogue descriptions; no precise dimension adopted. Facsimile holdings do not relocate the original.", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / specialist research", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Full collection page and surrounding codex section read." }, { "id": "COL-S04", "source_id": "COL-S04", "title": "Codex Xolotl and Mapa Quinatzin: technical photography of Aztec manuscripts in Paris", "author": "Antonino Cosentino, Cultural Heritage Science Open Source", "short": "Antonino Cosentino", "year": "Accessed15October 2026", "citation": "Antonino Cosentino, Cultural Heritage Science Open Source. Codex Xolotl and Mapa Quinatzin: technical photography of Aztec manuscripts in Paris.", "url": "https://chsopensource.org/codex-xolotl-and-mapa-quinatzin-technical-photography-of-aztec-manuscripts-in-paris/", "locator": "Main article, project chronology, methods and acknowledgements", "use": "Primary examiner reports c.1540 assembly, earlier copying and technical examination at BnF in 2016.", "limit": "Current BnF catalogue fields could not be read; the technical report is attributed. Embedded video not viewed.", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Primary technical examiner’s account", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete main article read; no claim to reading the blocked BnF collection record." }, { "id": "COL-S05", "source_id": "COL-S05", "title": "Borg.mess.1: detailed manuscript catalogue", "author": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana", "short": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana", "year": "Accessed15October 2026", "citation": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. Borg.mess.1: detailed manuscript catalogue.", "url": "https://digi.vatlib.it/mss/detail/388910", "locator": "Shelfmark, date, support and physical-description fields", "use": "Dates Borgia to late fifteenth century; describes a membrane screenfold made from joined skin pieces.", "limit": "Puebla-Tlaxcala/Cholula is a catalogue attribution within a continuing provenance debate. Vatican images are not reused here.", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / specialist research", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Detailed catalogue metadata and physical description read." }, { "id": "COL-S06", "source_id": "COL-S06", "title": "Tonindeye / Zouche-Nuttall: original object metadata", "author": "British Museum / British Museum Images", "short": "British Museum / British Museum Images", "year": "Accessed15October 2026", "citation": "British Museum / British Museum Images. Tonindeye / Zouche-Nuttall: original object metadata.", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Am1902-0308-1", "locator": "Object/date/material fields; original object Am 1902,0308.1", "use": "Identifies Mixtec origin,1200–1521 date range and painted deerskin for the historical manuscript.", "limit": "Main museum page returned 403; original-object fields were corroborated in official British Museum Images listings. Modern image rights were not assumed.", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Official collection metadata with access limit", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Official image-listing metadata read; entire main object page unavailable." }, { "id": "MAT-S01", "source_id": "MAT-S01", "title": "Non-destructive analysis of early Mesoamerican manuscripts conservation project", "author": "Bodleian Libraries", "short": "Bodleian Libraries", "year": "Accessed15October 2026", "citation": "Bodleian Libraries. Non-destructive analysis of early Mesoamerican manuscripts conservation project.", "url": "https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/node/1889822", "locator": "Project summary, goals and methodology; completed 2016", "use": "Reports non-invasive study of five named Mexican manuscripts using XRF, FTIR, Raman and imaging techniques.", "limit": "The page’s narrow total of ancient surviving codices is not adopted as a current universal count. Project overview is not the full scientific results.", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / specialist research", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete substantive project page read." }, { "id": "FL-S01", "source_id": "FL-S01", "title": "Digital Florentine Codex: scholarly introduction and institutional project", "author": "Getty Research Institute", "short": "Getty Research Institute", "year": "Accessed15October 2026", "citation": "Getty Research Institute. Digital Florentine Codex: scholarly introduction and institutional project.", "url": "https://www.getty.edu/projects/florentine-codex/", "locator": "Project introduction and digital-edition resources", "use": "Places 1575–1577 manuscript production within Nahua scholarly collaboration and explains the joint study of Nahuatl, Spanish and images.", "limit": "The three accounts are not automatically equivalent. Individual passage translations require named translators; none are invented here.", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / specialist research", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Complete substantive Getty project page read; the separately supplied scholarly introduction informs its longer production range. Standalone introduction endpoint returned502; no independent full-resource reading claimed." }, { "id": "HUE-S01", "source_id": "HUE-S01", "title": "Huexotzinco Codex teaching materials", "author": "Library of Congress", "short": "Library of Congress", "year": "Accessed15October 2026", "citation": "Library of Congress. Huexotzinco Codex teaching materials.", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/huexotzinco-codex/", "locator": "Numerical-sign teaching key and legal context", "use": "Explains additive quantities with signs for 20,400 and 8,000 in the context of the 1531 tax dispute.", "limit": "Teaching diagram in the atlas is original and generic, not a transcription of one exact panel. Direct endpoint can return 403; institutional teaching material and object context corroborate the key.", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Collection / specialist research", "coverage": "Scope verified", "coverage_detail": "Institutional teaching-key/context checked, with access intermittency recorded." }, { "id": "SLD-S01", "source_id": "SLD-S01", "title": "Codex Selden palimpsest: hyperspectral research", "author": "Ludo Snijders and collaborators, Oxford research archive", "short": "Ludo Snijders and collaborators", "year": "Accessed15October 2026", "citation": "Ludo Snijders and collaborators, Oxford research archive. Codex Selden palimpsest: hyperspectral research.", "url": "https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid%3A05b327d6-3fa7-4823-84da-3a413a274ea3/files/mb8c48322d28291a146b5107d97cf3868", "locator": "Research description supplied with the Oxford-hosted article", "use": "Hyperspectral work investigates concealed pictorial content below the visible Selden painting.", "limit": "This atlas does not reproduce processed images or offer its own decipherment. Full paper was not independently ingested in this run.", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Supplementary research lead / method context", "coverage": "Supplement supplied · full paper unread", "coverage_detail": "Supplied supplementary research and institutional context; full-paper ingestion not claimed." }, { "id": "PR-S01", "source_id": "PR-S01", "title": "Firebrands", "author": "Primeros Libros de las Américas, University of Texas Libraries", "short": "Primeros Libros", "year": "Accessed 15 October 2026", "citation": "Primeros Libros de las Américas. Firebrands.", "url": "https://primeroslibros.org/tools", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Institutional book-history guide", "coverage": "Complete short text read", "coverage_detail": "Complete substantive paragraph and project link read.", "locator": "Tools page, Collective Catalog of Fire Marks section (formerly Firebrands)", "use": "Explains fore-edge firebrands or marcas de fuego as ownership marks.", "limit": "A general explanation, not identification of a mark in one displayed copy.", "identity_note": " Current official URL verified on 15 October 2026 after legacy Spotlight URL returned404. Complete replacement page read and matched to the cited identity; local HTTP/TLS evidence retained." }, { "id": "FL-S02", "source_id": "FL-S02", "title": "Competing Narratives about the Conquest of Mexico and the Fall of the Aztec Empire", "author": "Kim N.Richter, Alicia Maria Houtrouw and Joshua Fitzgerald, Getty Research Institute", "short": "Richter and collaborators", "year": "2020; updated 2023", "citation": "Richter, Kim N., Alicia Maria Houtrouw, and Joshua Fitzgerald.2020; updated 2023.Competing Narratives on the Conquest of Mexico and the Fall of the Aztec Empire. Getty Research Institute.", "url": "https://www.getty.edu/news/competing-narratives-about-the-conquest-of-mexico-and-the-fall-of-the-aztec-empire/", "kind": "Supplementary research", "type": "Institutional scholarly interpretation", "coverage": "Substantive sections read", "coverage_detail": "Bilingual and bicultural manuscript section, conquest narrative discussion and named contributors read.", "locator": "A Bilingual and Bicultural Manuscript; named Nahua authors paragraph", "use": "Names Antonio Valeriano, Alonso Vegerano, Martín Jacobita, Pedro de San Buenaventura, Diego de Grado, Bonifacio Maximiliano and Mateo Severino among contributors; discusses differing narratives.", "limit": "A named contributor is not thereby the verified artist of each image. No passage translation is invented." } ]